(NC) Sniffles, sore throats and lingering coughs are common as the weather cools, but not every respiratory illness is the same. Each fall and winter, viruses like COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulate at the same time. While many people recover at home, each virus has its own characteristics and may affect certain groups more severely.
That’s why it’s important not to assume every cough or fever is “just a cold.” Here’s what to know:
Viruses with similar symptoms can have different risks
While COVID-19 can affect people of all ages, the risk of serious illness increases with age and certain underlying health conditions. The virus continues to evolve over time, so updated COVID-19 vaccines are developed each respiratory season to help protect against circulating strains.
The flu is caused by influenza viruses, which are also constantly changing. Small genetic changes add up over time, and occasionally two different flu viruses can exchange genetic material when they infect the same host, creating new strains. The flu often comes on suddenly with fever, body aches and fatigue, and can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia.
RSV gets its name from its ability to cause infected cells to fuse together into larger cells called syncytia. It’s commonly associated with infants, but RSV can also cause severe illness in older adults and people with certain chronic medical conditions.
Why do these viruses circulate together?
Respiratory viruses tend to spread more easily during the fall and winter months with people spending more time indoors, classes back in session and social gatherings becoming more frequent.
Who’s most at risk?
While anyone can get sick from a respiratory virus, some people are more likely to become seriously ill. This includes older adults, infants and young children, pregnant people, those with weakened immune systems or certain chronic medical conditions. People who face barriers to healthcare or whose living or working circumstances increase their risk of exposure, such as shared living settings or jobs requiring close contact with others, may also be at greater risk.
How can we protect our communities?
Simple steps can help reduce the spread of viruses, including washing your hands regularly, staying home when you’re sick, covering your coughs and sneezes and wearing a well-fitting mask in higher-risk settings or if you’re at increased risk of severe illness. You can also speak with your healthcare provider about which respiratory vaccines are recommended for you based on your age and health.
It’s important to know when to seek medical advice. If your symptoms are severe, get worse over time or you’re at higher risk of complications, your healthcare provider can help you make informed decisions for yourself and those around you.
